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The Themes of Robert Frosts Mending Wall Essay - 2147 Words

The Themes of Robert Frosts Mending Wall One of the major themes of Frosts Mending Wall is the cycle of the seasons. Several phrases refer to the seasons, particularly in a repetitive, cyclic way: spring mending-time, frozen ground-swell, once again, spring is the mischief in me. Another theme is parallelism or the lack of it. Sometimes this parallelism takes a physical form, associated with the wall, as we imagine the two men walking parallel paths: We meet to walk the line. We keep the wall between us as we go. One on a side. It is a mental wall, though, as well as a physical one, and I read the gaps as making possible a meeting of minds and attitudes as well as of lands and bodies. Closing the gaps in the wall means†¦show more content†¦Richard Poirier points out that the poem is not only about the making of fences but the making of speech between men and, even more tellingly, the way the making of fences leads to the making of speech--poetry, really, against the claustrophobias of mechanical forms. Walls have a power of confinement which creates a counter-movement of mischief. Richard Poirier points out a significant fact: the mischievous poet who voices his opposition to wall-building is also the man who each year informs his taciturn neighbor that it is time to build them. Voice and nature are thus potentially allied. The cycles of nature and the seasons; parallelism; speech and poetry; the contrast between the physical and mental--I state such themes explicitly so that I can try to make each item of the poem relevant to every other through one or more of the themes. For example, what significance can I find in, We wear our fingers rough with handling them? The skin, it says, is another boundary being firmed up, and I can fit this line under the theme of walls and parallelism. Frosts psyche has nothing to do with this way of reading. Thematizing, as todays critical jargon has it, or simply theming is essential to my own sense of coherence in the poem and hence to my experience of it, although the themes themselves do not describe that experience, which remains finally emotional andShow MoreRelated The Theme of Isolation in Robert Frosts The Mending Wall Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Isolation in Robert Frosts The Mending Wall Robert Frosts The Mending Wall is a comment on the nature of our society. In this poem, Frost examines the way in which we interact with one another and how we function as a whole. For Frost, the world is often one of isolation. Man has difficulty communicating and relating to one another. As a result, we have a tendency to shut ourselves off from others. In the absence of effective communication, we play the foolish game of avoidingRead More Robert Frost Essay873 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Good fences makes good neighbors,† is a small portion from the Mending Wall written by one of modern times most proficient writers, Robert Frost. Two of the critical articles I examined were quite helpful in gaining a better understanding of the â€Å"Mending Wall† and also of Robert Frost’s poetry. The Gale Research shows the best and most effective understanding of the â€Å"Mending Wall,† mainly because it deals specifically with that poem. It basically states t hat the poem is built around two attitudesRead MoreRobert Frost Alienation Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesMany of Robert Frost poems, such as Birches, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Mending Wall, and many others all display alienation. Robert Frost loved writing poem about nature and urban areas as well. In most of these poems Robert Frost portrays alienation, this could be, because he himself experienced alienation. Alienation means to feel like youre lonely, it is not literally being alone. You can be in a crowded of hundreds of people and still feel alone, or left out. We all experience AlienationRead MoreFrostsMending Wall, By Robert Frost841 Words   |  4 PagesMending Wall was influenced by Frosts neighbor while he lived on his farm in New Hampshire. Like in Home Burial, and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Mending Wall is based on Frosts experiences in New England. Frost and his neighbor met every spring to wall along their stone wall and fix any problems with it, this is the exact setting of Mending Wall (History). Frosts neighbor, like the neighbor in the poem, always believed in the same saying good fences make good neighbors.Read MoreRobert Frost s Mending Wall1291 Words   |  6 PagesIn Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Mending Wall†, he illustrates barriers as linking people through, communication, friendship and the sense of security people gain from those barriers. His messages are utilized through systems, for example, symbolism, structure, and humor, uncovering a complex side of the poem and, in addition, accomplishing a general carefree impact. In Robert Frost’s â€Å"Mending Wall† a tightly woven intricate balance of literal and metaphorical meaning is portrayed through themes of isolationRead MoreAnalyzing Robert Frosts Mending Wall1475 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing Robert Frost’s â€Å"Mending Wall† Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26th in 1874. Robert Frost s personal life was filled with grief and insecurities. When he was 11, his father died of tuberculosis, his mother died of cancer years after, and his sister was confined into a mental institution where she also later died. Elinor and Robert Frost had six children together. One of their sons died of cholera, one son committed suicide, one of their daughters died afterRead MoreDestroying and Mending Boundaries760 Words   |  3 Pages Robert Frost has written poems throughout his life making readers feel meaning in each one. Mending wall, is a famous poem that moves people with a deeper understanding in the poem. Mending wall is about the persona and his neighbor coming down annually to come mend a rock wall. Throughout the year the wall had been worn from multiple causes from hunters, animals, and nature. Although they fix it the listeners can tell that the Persona wants to break down and become friends, but the neighbor doesRead MoreThe Dark Side of Robert Frost’s Nature Essay2339 Words   |  10 PagesRobert Frost is known for his poems about nature, he writes about trees, flowers, and animals. This is a common misconception, Robert Frost is more than someone who writes a happy poem about nature. The elements of nature he uses are symbolic of something more, something darker, and something that needs close attention to be discovered. Flowers might not always represent beauty in Robert Frost’s poetry. Symbolism is present in every line of the nature’s poet’s poems. The everyday objects presentRead More Mending Wall by Robert Frost Essay2093 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Mending Wall† by Robert Frost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mending Wall† by Robert Frost is a poem in which the characteristics of vocabulary, rhythm and other aspects of poetic technique combine in a fashion that articulates, in detail, the experience and the opposing convictions that the poem describes and discusses. The ordinariness of the rural activity is presented in specific description, and as so often is found in Frost’s poems, the unprepossessing undertaking has much larger implications. Yet his considerationRead MorePoems of Robert Frost Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frost was an American poet, and playwright who became one of the leading pioneers in poetry in the late 1800’s into the 1900’s. Frost grew up in rural New England in the early twentieth century and experienced many hardships in his life including losing his father at the young age of eleven and losing two children at very young ages. He used his experiences of growing up in a rural area in most of his poe ms. Another major them in his poems are decision-making poems usually based off of his

Impact of Media Technology on Learning Behavior Free Essays

The effect of positive reinforcement of grade 2 students on BEd SCM regarding on their cooperation In class A Research Presented Joanna S. Violators Elaine D. Enduring (BBS Psychology-3) Submitted to: Miss. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Media Technology on Learning Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Melody Dupes (Teacher) SST. Michaels College, Align City February 2013 Table of Content l. Abstract ? II. Introduction a. Reviewed literature b. Concept of framework c. Statement Hypothesis d. Significant of the study e. Scope and limitation f. Deflection of terms . Ill. Methodology a. Research design b. Materials c. Procedure Abstract Many different teaching strategies have been assessed to help increase the behavioral repertoires of Individuals with developmental disabilities and Outlast This study the effect of positive reinforcement of grade 2 students on Bed SCM regarding on their cooperation in class. The results indicate that the impact of positive reinforcement on their studies will motivate them to study hard. CHAPTER 1 Reviewed literature Behavior modification focuses on behaviors and behavior changes. RESERVE ACT at  https://donemyessay.com/apush-chapter-29/ Behaviors are what a person does or says. The purpose of behavior modification is to alp change behaviors that have a social impact on one’s life while improving a specific aspect of that person’s life (Malingerer, 2008). According to Matter and Goldstein (2001 ), â€Å"All behavior follows a set of consistent rules. Methods can be developed for defining, observing, and measuring behaviors, as well as designing effective interventions† (p. 96). Behaviors have one or more dimensions that can be measured. These dimensions include the frequency or number of times a behavior occurs, the duration or how long a behavior occurs, and the intensity or hysterical force involved in a behavior (Malingerer, 2008). Behavior modification is a field of psychology that analyzes and modifies human behaviors (Malingerer, 2008). It is the consistent application of positive or negative consequences to reinforce the occurrence of a desirable behavior and/or to reduce the occurrence of an undesirable behavior. As stated by Malingerer (2008), analyzing a behavior meaner to 7 determine the relationship between the environment and that behavior to better understand why a person behaved the way he or she did, and modifying a behavior earns to create and put into place procedures to help people change that behavior. Four major figures in psychology were influential in the development of the scientific principles on which behavior modification, a theory of psychology that has been around since the early sass’s, is based. The first major contribution of behavior modification was Edward Thorniness development of the law of effect, in 1911, which states behaviors that generate a positive effect on the environment are more likely to occur in the future (libertine’s, 2008). An example of the law of effect pertaining o education is students receiving credit for doing their homework. This theory implies that students who consistently earn credit for completing their homework are more likely to continue this behavior. In 1913, John Watson started a movement called behaviorism. Watson believed that observable behaviors were an appropriate subject matter of psychology and that all behaviors were controlled by outside events (Malingerer, 2008). Behaviorism can be witnessed in schools when students who live in abusive and/or unstructured environments misbehave because 8 they have to been exposed to or taught socially acceptable behaviors by their parent’s. These students’ undesirable behaviors are often a result of negative, unhealthy events that take place in their homes. In the mid-sass’s, Ivan Pavlov’s experiments discovered the basic process of respondent conditioning (Malingerer, 2008). Respondent conditioning, also known as classical conditioning, pairs a stimulus and response that occurs naturally with another stimulus to elicit a response that does not occur naturally. This theory is demonstrated in the classroom when teachers use the statement, â€Å"give me five†. This specific behavior management technique is used to quickly and quietly cue students to stop what they are doing. Students are expected to give the teacher their undivided attention while he or she speaks to the class. Teachers who implement this technique have conditioned their students to behave in a specific manner which is unrelated to the usual meaning of the statement. B. F. Skinner is considered to be one of the most influential sass’s, Skinner expanded the field of behaviorism first developed by Watson by laying out the principles of operant condition which claims that the 9 consequence of a behavior controls the future occurrence of that behavior (?FL alternative, 2008). Skinner’s work has influenced the field of education, as well as the field of psychology. He believed that positive reinforcement was more effective than punishment when trying to change and establish behaviors. Through his work, Skinner identified five main obstacles to learning. These obstacles are a fear of failure, the task is too long and complicated, the task lacks directions, clarity in the directions is lacking, and there is little or no positive reinforcement (Frisson, 2008). Skinner also recognized that people can be taught age-appropriate skills using the following techniques. These techniques are giving the learner immediate feedback, breaking tasks down into small steps, repeating the directions as many times as possible, working from the most simple to the most complex tasks, and giving positive reinforcement (Frisson, 2008). Behavior modification is used in many areas to assist in changing people’s problematic behaviors. These behaviors are considered to be socially unacceptable and inappropriate for one’s age and/or ability. Additionally, these behaviors are often disruptive to one’s life. Malingerer (2008) noted that,† A wealth of research in behavior modification demonstrates that these 10 behaviors often can be controlled or eliminated with behavioral intervention† One field that consistently uses behavior modification is education, especially in the areas of classroom management and teaching students with special needs. The field of developmental disabilities has received more behavior modification research than any other area (Malingerer, 2008), as individuals with disabilities often have behavioral deficits that are able to be overcome with the use of behavior edification. Behavior modification continues to play a major role in special education. It is used to create effective teaching methods and to control problematic behaviors such as not cot plying with school and/or class rules. It is also used to improve inappropriate social behaviors including temper tantrums, interrupting, and difficulty sharing. Furthermore, behavior modification is used to improve functional skills deficits pertaining to personal hygiene and toileting, promoting self- management, and training teachers (Malingerer, 2008). Statement of the Problem The purpose of my paper was to explore behavior modification by using rewards to encourage positive, observable behavior changes in my students. Teachers have an opportunity to positively impact their students’ behavior, in addition to their education. I wanted to see if the idea of behavior modification was an effective method for teaching and encouraging students’ age-appropriate behaviors and social skills. I researched the use of rewards and positive reinforcement with regards to behavior modification by creating a classroom more interacting and participation on the classroom. One aspect of teaching is educators’ abilities to effectively manage their students’ behaviors. Many teacher education programs expose preserve teachers to numerous strategies for managing students’ behaviors because the most challenging aspect of teaching continues to be Wetted and Mercer (2003), â€Å"The area of behavior interventions in classrooms receives more attention than many other aspects of schooling† (p. 9). This is not surprising as teachers are expected to deal with discipline problems that were once a cause for suspension or expulsion from school since more and more students are being included in public school settings, in part due to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Quinn et al. , 2001). Another area teachers struggle with is whether or not students should be rewarded for behaviors that are expected of them. Some educators believe that it is not their responsibility to provide incentives for students; they feel that this is the Job of parent’s. However, research in the area of behavioral skills training claims that feedback in the form of positive reinforcement is essential to teaching individuals appropriate behaviors and expectations (Malingerer, 2008). Wetted and Mercer (2003) note that, â€Å"The most controversial issues in behavior management have been the use of rewards to n- motivate and teach students to follow classroom rules and routines and to complete academic assignments† (p. 88). The appropriate use of positive reinforcement and behavior modification are important for success in the classroom, as frequent reprimands, low expectations, and infrequent praise often result in students who exhibit challenging behaviors (Morgan, 2006). Educators can use strong classroom management skills to end, or at the very least avoid, an increase in problematic behaviors. Significant of the study This study focused on the impact of positive reinforcement on their studies will motivate them to study hard. It is used to create effective teaching methods and to control problematic behaviors such as not cot plying with school and/or class rules. It is also used to improve inappropriate social behaviors including temper tantrums, interrupting, and difficulty sharing. All of only students were classified as having special needs and were placed in my learning resource classroom due to cognitive and/or behavioral deficits that required specialized support from a special education teacher. Many of my students had a difficult time appropriately interacting with adults and peers, especially in the area of manners. These students often required numerous verbal prompts and reminders from adults working with them to use manners. Unfortunately, the previous approach of verbally prompting my students to use appropriate manners did not have the intended positive effect of improving their social interactions. Scope and limitation This study considered the effect of positive reinforcement on the lassoer setting whom we wanted to see if the idea of behavior modification was an effective method for teaching and encouraging students’ age-appropriate behaviors and social skills on the particular setting on classroom. Definition of Terms Behavior – What a person says or does. Cooperative Learning. – Cooperative Learning is a systematic pedagogical strategy that encourages small groups of students to work together for the achievement of a common goal. Classroom management- A set of skills needed by a teacher to plan, implement, and maintain a learning environment in which students learn decision- Discussion. -There are a variety of ways to stimulate discussion. Motivation- A driving force that encourages an action or behavior to occur Positive reinforcement- positive reinforcement involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future. Reward- Something that is given in return for doing something else. Skills- An ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout complex activities or Job functions involving ideas (cognitive kills), things (technical skills), and/or people (interpersonal skills). Teaching strategy- are the methods you use to allow learners to access the information you are teaching. This action research project explored the theory of behavior modification through the use of rewards to promote positive behavioral changes in students with special needs. A classroom behavior management plan was created to observe the effectiveness of positive reinforcement on influencing students’ behaviors. This chapter presents the research methodologies used in the study. This includes the research design, sources of data, data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of data. Research Design The researchers employed the one group must be experimental without reinforcement while the other group is a controlled group that if there is a motivation using positive reinforcement. By using this design, the researchers were able to determine effects of positive reinforcement regarding on their participation in class. The experimental and controlled group was used as a basis of comparison of reinforcement. Materials This will be conducted in a classroom setting How to cite Impact of Media Technology on Learning Behavior, Essays

Business Environment Analysis of Air Chathams

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment Analysis of Air Chathams. Answer: Introduction: Air Chathams Limited is a domestic airline company of New Zealand that primarily serves the routes between mainland of New Zealand and Chatham Island. The company was founded in the year 1984 that is privately owned by Marion and Craig Emeny ("www.airchathams.co.nz", 2016). The company has grown to be a safe and reliable airline organisation that supports the transportation needs of people and freight from and to mainland New Zealand. In the international market, the company is known for its charter flights that serve the transportation needs of local businesses in Chatham ("www.airchathams.co.nz", 2016). Air Chathams charter flight routes serve different destinations of Australia and South Pacific. There are several other airlines companies in the market that are quite advanced in terms of technology and services. Air Chathams is found to be the second leading airline company of New Zealand after Air New Zealand holding the first position in the Airline industry of New Zealand ("www.airchathams.co.nz", 2016). There are several other international companies like Virgin Airlines and Qantas that provides the company with huge competition because of their low air fares and international existence. Business Environment Analysis Business Environment Analysis is a management tool for analysing the factors that influence the business of an organisation and observe the level of impacts of these factors on the operations of the firm (Little, 2010). The general environment involves the identification of the internal and external factors that impacts the performance of the organisation. The general environment primarily impacts the success level of the organisation (Guy, 2009). Hence, it is important for the management of an organisation to observe the market trends and events that has an implication on the operations of the business. On the other hand, PESTEL analysis is an essential management tool under the general environment that helps to evaluate and analyse the Political Factors, Economical Factors, Socio-cultural Factors, Technological Factors, Environmental Factors and International factors that impacts the business of Air Chathams Limited (Collett, 2007). The report has been developed to conduct an environmental analysis of Air Chathams business to observe the dimensions that effects the organisation in directly or indirectly. It is important to note that the political environment presents the political and legal issues such as war, rules and regulations of tourism and several other factors in the country that impacts the business of the airline company (Fahy, 2012). The government of New Zealand do not allow the airlines to travel to such destinations that are going through political distress for the safety of the citizens. On the other hand, the Economic Environment presents the overall financial health of the country in terms of consumer spending, recession and inflation in the economy. Business Environment Framework The business environment framework in the form of dimensions of the organisations task, internal and general environment has been presented herein below (Emerson, 2013) Analysis of the Task Environment The task environment of any business is identified to be one of the most significant things to increase the level of organisational performance and business functions as described below: Customers: For any growing business industry such as airlines industry, customers have been identified as one of the major business targets. Precisely, in the contemporary business scenario, customers of airline industry verify the offering rates, accommodation, performance and feedbacks of other passengers before choosing aviation services (Staff, Hunziker, Jones, 2010). Invariably, the services and affordability of rates have made Air Chathams Limited more preferable to the target customers. Suppliers: During the flight system, the reliability of the suppliers attached to the business is mandatory for successful services offered to the clients (Emerson, 2013). Herein, suppliers of airline business determine transportation of luggage of the passengers; ensure quality food services and medical services if required. Air Chathams Limiteds major suppliers are retentively up to the mark to achieve highest business operations (Cary, 2007). Competitors: In recent times, the development of the airline industry all around the globe has presented a number of customers to the New Zealand based Air Chathams Limited ("www.airchathams.co.nz", 2016). Primarily, Air Nelson, Air2there, Air New Zealand, Jetstar, and Virgin Australia Holding Limited have been identified as major domestic and international competitors for Air Chathams Limited (Somerville, 2007). Labour Market: Currently, sustainability of the labour industry in the aviation business in New Zealand has provided productive growth for businesses (Paulsen, 2013). Meanwhile, the high scale payments and job offerings to the new talents have increased the overall functionality of NZs aviation firms. Element Narrative In this particular section, the three top environments attached to the business of Air Chathams Limited have been briefed as follows: Task Environment The task environment analysis presents the micro level environment of the firm that impacts its business. The Task environment analysis has been presented herein below: Customers: Air Chathams serves both international and domestic customers. It is the primary choice for the people living in Chathams or visiting the place (Worthington Britton, 2016). Air Chathams operates international charter flights to meet the needs of high profile customers and businesses that operate in Chatham Island. Competitors: The domestic routes served by the company are also provided by several other airline companies such as Virgin Airlines and Air New Zealand. Hence, it faces a huge competition from the market leaders due to a higher air fares as compared to Air New Zealand and Virgin Airlines (Vitale Giglierano, 2012). Suppliers: The primary suppliers of the company are the aviation fuel company such as Z situated in Auckland. Along with that, the catering agency for food service during flights is also important supplier of the company (Worthington Britton, 2016). It is important for Air Chathams to maintain a good relationship with the suppliers to reduce the cost of operations and any delay in the operations. Labour Markets: The Company sets a target of hiring younger employees to enhance the productivity of the organisation. Along with that, it hire female in the management team to improve the quality of services (Vitale Giglierano, 2012). Internal Environment Management: The management of Air Chathams Limited verifies the environmental issues, employee issues and other social problems that can contribute towards the lack of productivity. Precisely, the administration of the group has hired best managers and executives to complete the entire management work in a fruitful procedure (Bailey Baron, 2014). Thus, the organisational design has efficiently made out management planning, controlling of the human resources and organising decision-making. Organisational Culture: Organisational culture is another vital ingredient to support the activities of the internal environment. The work culture of the group influences the performance of the workforce to provide best customer services. Also, following the guidelines of the aviation industry, the work culture ensures security and safety of the passengers during the flight (Blais, 2012). Employees: Air Chathams Limited offers significant remuneration to their dedicated workforce. Moreover, hiring the best business executives, technical people and engineers in the industry, the organisation shows their responsibility towards the target demographics ("www.airchathams.co.nz", 2016). Also, the employees of the group have supported the customers to influence the level of satisfaction of the clients. General Environment Technological Environment: Air Chathams Limited has ensured technical assessment to the current business operations to make aviation journey more secure and time-saving. Through the identification of modern technologies, the aviation organisation is aimed to create more opportunities to increase the number of target demographics (Staff, Hunziker, Jones, 2010). Natural Environment: In the case of the natural business environment, the long-run business reputation of the aviation group has apparently worked in favour of Air Chathams Limited to increase the business sustainability (Paulsen, 2013). Meanwhile, the operations of the business are directed towards environment-friendly steps so that the corporate social responsibility of the organisation can be highlighted to the rest of the target demographic profile. Legal/Political Environment: Air Chathams Limiteds employees and associates truly value the government regulations and policies to be followed in the business operations. Precisely, following the regulations, Air Chathams Limited is very strict about their operations and does not permit any misconduct during the flight to secure passengers life. Economic Environment: Meanwhile, in the time of global downturn, the fundamental of poor economic condition hurts the business spending. Therefore, the organisation has set some new strategies to work better during the possible recession scenario providing significant customer packages (Orlady, Orlady, Lauber, 2009). Socio-cultural Environment: In order to meet the satisfaction level of the domestic as well as international clients, Air Chathams Limited offers latest aviation facilities and services to increase the tourism probabilities (Worthington Britton, 2016). Moreover, for international tourists, special packages have been offered to influence the purchasing of the clients. International Environment: In aviation business, the global environment has been predicted to be one of the most critical aspects. Decisively, Air Chathams Limited has operated its business mainly in Australia and Asia-Pacific to make maximum profits (Maekwa, 2013). Admittedly, a significant portion of profit has come from the international trade operations of Air Chathams Limited. Conclusion The analysis of the industry trend, internal and external business environment of Air Chathams Limited, it can be identified that the management of the group has taken tough decisions to increase the level of business activities. Moreover, the strategic moves of the organisation have clearly elevated the chances of the firm. Currently, the management operations of the business have presented tough competition to the other market operators to take away the maximum market share from the competitors in the domestic as well as international market. References Bailey, E. Baron, D. (2014). Business and Its Environment.Journal Of Policy Analysis And Management,13(1), 205. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3325105 Blais, S. (2012).Business analysis(1st ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Cary, T. (2007). Custom programming/analysis in the small business environment.ACM SIGMINI Newsletter,3(2), 10-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1041244.1041248 Collett, H. (2007). Flurry of activity sparks dismal aviation industry.Hospital Aviation,6(3), 10-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0740-8315(87)80032-3 Emerson, L. (2013).Writing guidelines for business students(1st ed.). South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning. Fahy, J. (2012). A resource-based analysis of sustainable competitive advantage in a global environment.International Business Review,11(1), 57-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-5931(01)00047-6 Guy, F. (2009).The global environment of business(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Little, S. (2010). Task environment versus institutional environment: understanding the context of design decision-making.Design Studies,11(1), 29-42. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-694x(90)90012-2 Maekwa, H. (2013). The New Airport and Aviation Systems. For Safer Flying Environment.IEEJ Transactions On Industry Applications,113(4), 425-428. https://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.113.425 Orlady, H., Orlady, L., Lauber, J. (2009).Human factors in multi-crew flight operations(1st ed.). Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Paulsen, N. (2013). Managing Strategic Challenges in Community Sector Organisations.Queensland Review,10(01), 141-153. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002579 Somerville, H. (2007). Air quality issues in the aviation industry.Atmospheric Environment,31(12), 1905-1907. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(97)83719-3 Staff, N., Hunziker, J., Jones, T. (2010).Product Liability and Innovation(1st ed.). Washington: National Academies Press. Vitale, R. Giglierano, J. (2012).Business to business marketing(1st ed.). Mason, Ohio: South-Western/Thomas Learning. Worthington, I. Britton, C. (2016).The business environment(1st ed.). Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. www.airchathams.co.nz. (2016).Air Chathams. Retrieved November 2016, from https://www.airchathams.co.nz/.

How to Be a Freelance Writer (Without Leveraging Your Experience or Contacts)

Everywhere you look, you keep reading about people that break into freelance writing by using their professional background or leveraging their corporate contacts. Most of these stories are from writers with a business, IT or real estate background. These niches are highly profitable, but what if you dont have that same background? What if youre a secretary? An artist? A stay-at-home mom whos been out of the workforce for several years? Is it still possible to make a living from writing without using your background? The answer: YES! Of course. I know writers that were forensic scientists turned freelance writer and now write in the entertainment niche. It is entirely possible to start freelance writing with virtually no contacts, no past experience or no knowledge about a niche. Thats exactly how I broke into freelance writing. I Didnt Land ANY Jobs With My Previous Experience Before I was a B2B professional writer, my core background was (and still is) in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). I worked with children with autism by doing behavioral learning strategies to help them speak, play, dress, socialize and more. So, of course, when I started researching how to become a freelance writer, I naturally gravitated towards wanting to write about education, and in particular, ABA. I was able to score a guest post in this niche, which helped me prove my credibility when I sent my pitches to ABA agencies. I was fairly new when I reached out to these agencies. But, as luck would have it, I either didnt hear back from them, or they said they werent focus on building their blog. At the time, I wasnt knowledgeable about how businesses can use a blog to bring in more local businesses, so I left it at that. I had no luck either with finding jobs in the parenting niche and any health writing jobs I saw where low paying (around $.05/word). Freelance writing wasnt working for me. I couldnt find any good paying writing gigs in the special education, parenting or natural health industries. Now, dont get me wrong here. Those are totally viable niches. I have been approached by a parenting blog and a health site that pay extremely well, so it isnt unheard of. This is just my story of how I was struggling to use my experience and background to help me find a freelance writing gig. So, how did I turn this around and become a sought-after freelance writer within two years? When I look back and think about what I did to get to this point in my freelance writing profession, I know that the four fundamental steps I took helped me reach this status without leveraging any past experience or contacts that I had. If you are in the same place, then these steps can help you become a freelance writer that can actually pay the bills. 1. Discover Your Niche Okay. Im sure youve heard this a thousand times. Find your niche. Find any niche. Find five niches. Whats the answer? Personally and truthfully all you need is around 2-3 niches to start off. You can draw from experience or draw from your passion and hobbies. Maybe youre a knitter and its something you know a lot about. Well, you can get paid to write about knitting. Or, maybe you rode horses when you were little. Even better. Whatever your passion or hobby is, Im sure you can find that its something you can write for and get paid in. When discovering your niches, make sure you do your due diligence and research the market to see if its a viable niche. Look to see if there is also room for growth. In other words, how high can you raise your rate in this industry before hitting the ceiling? 2. Market Your Niche as a Profitable Niche You might have a hard time turning your niche into a profitable niche WITHOUT any experience or expert knowledge. So, how do you do this? You have to corner your market in this industry and well, practice makes perfect. You have to write in this topic, read content in this topic, start practicing in this niche and learn as much as you can about it. Some beginner steps include: Creating stellar samples in this niche Get some blog posts or PDFs or Google share docs to show to prospective clients. Create backup samples (of other less profitable niches, but that can help you build your portfolio) Remember those two other niches you decided to discover? Make some backup samples in those topics. This is so you can pitch to those industries, in case your main industry or niche isnt profitable or youre having a hard time finding work in that niche. Create a writer website that speaks to your ideal client (can do this on a budget at first) Do you have a website that speaks 0f your freelance writing services? I suggest you start a blog for your business and start marketing your freelance writing services right away. This shows prospective clients that your writing isnt a hobby its a profession. Start guest posting I am all for guest posting for free. You know why? Because its the best way to get your portfolio up and you never know, that free guest post can turn into a paid writing gig. This phase as a freelance writer is all about getting your author bio out there to the masses. With guest posts, writing on your blog, sharing your content on social media and syndicating your posts on HuffPo, Medium and LinkedIn Pulse youre trying to build your portfolio and reach a big audience that will hire you for your writing. 3. Learn Your Niche You know after writing in the digital marketing niche for a while, I wanted to try my hand in a new industry. I was learning about how writing in the WordPress space can be profitable. I heard about freelance writers commanding $.15/word or more in this niche. This was appealing to me and I wanted to see if I could also do the same. Now, even though I have a WordPress blog and I manage several other WordPress blogs, I wasnt that involved in the backend of it all. So, the first thing I did was learn about plugins, features, themes and more in the WordPress space. I visited websites that catered to WordPress content, watched YouTube videos about setting up a WordPress blog and played around on my site. I absorbed as much information as I could in this new industry. Instead of landing a guest post in this niche, I was fortunate at that time to pitch some of my current clients WordPress type posts. I also reached out to Tom Ewer of WordCandy to work with him. Over time I was able to grow my portfolio in this brand new niche in which I really had no experience in. 4. Pitch the Right Way There is a process to pitching. One of the problems I see in a new freelance writers pitch is that it comes off as either generic or from a company and not from one person. Every day I get pitches for guest posts or for other things like website design and most of these pitches come off as fake and generic. Its just a template they use. I read the first sentence and chuck in the trash. I have no time to invest in these types of pitches. And you know what? Prospective clients dont either. So, look at your pitch and see if it reads like a cookie cutter pitch. Add some personality and make it memorable. Then, stop looking for freelance writing jobs on Upwork or Guru. Start looking at quality job boards that will give you the most bang for your buck. If youre strapped for cash I recommenced using these free job boards: Problogger BloggingPro Journalism Jobs If you want to cut down your competition, try Contena. Psst use elna10 and get a 10% discount on any option. Or 10% off each payment if you choose the payment route. AND if you pay in full you receive a 20% discount PLUS your coupon will stack on top of that! Whats great about this job board is that you can customize your search and only look at gigs in your niche. For me, this is a big time saver. Finally, track your pitches. Open a Google Sheet and keep track of each pitch your sent. This can help you keep track which ads responded and which ones hired you. Its Possible to Be a Successful Freelance Writer Without Any Corporate Background Im proof that a stay at home mom with a background in learning theory and behaviorism is now writing for OptinMonster, Blogging Wizard and now Huffington Post. You dont need a degree in journalism or even any degree to be a profitable freelance writer. You also dont need any expert knowledge in a particular industry or have a corporate background to get started. You also dont need to rely on your contacts or family members. I never did (heck, most of my family and mommy friends have no clue what Im doing and thats my choice to keep it from them). All you need is the desire to make a living from writing, some decent writing skills and the hunger to learn how to do it right. Over to you are you ready? If youre ready to really earn a living from writing, you can get your step-by-step profitable freelance writing blueprint by joining Write Your Way to Your First $1k. It walks you through the exact action steps you need to take to land clients, tweak your website to increase conversions and get paid to write.

The Culture of Voting essays

The Culture of Voting essays "The Culture of Voting" There are a number of different places where people go to vote. The places change from town to town and so do the numbers of places. Where I live everybody goes to vote at the town hall. The town, where I live is small enough that it only needs one voting location. On Tuesday, November 2, the day of the elections, our town hall was very busy. All day it was filled with people who had come to vote. Outside the town hall on the street corners, were a small group of people holding signs that were telling you who to vote for. Everyone could see them standing there as they came to vote. On the front steps where everybody was walking in and out were a few businessmen in their suits standing and talking to each other. While everybody was waiting in line in the entryway, there was a display for them to look at on how to vote correctly on the ballot. In the main room there were five tables set up alphabetically by last name. The town hall is an old building, but the inside was recently restored. The voting space is in the large auditorium a big room with a balcony, a gleaming, polished wooden floor, and a small stage at one end. The recently painted walls shined in the morning sun pouring through the oversized windows. The only decoration on the walls were wooden and brass plaques listing the names of town residents who fought in each war of the past two hundred years. The room smelled of fresh sunshine and new paint. The room temperature was just right not too hot or too cold. The air was filled with the noisy expectation of who would become the next president. Long folding tables were scattered around the room filled with ballots, books and voter registration materials. Four rows of voting booths were set up in the middle of the hall. There were ten booths in each row. Red, white and blue striped curtains provided the brightest colors in the room and provided ...

GROUP DESIGN PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GROUP DESIGN PAPER - Essay Example Although motivational interviewing is commonly associated with substance abuse problems, it has also found varied applicability in clinical problems such as psychosis and other severe mental disorders. Clinical practitioners have reported that â€Å"the principles of motivational interviewing have broad applicability for addressing problematic behaviors (including substance abuse and non-adherence to treatment recommendations) that interfere with clients with dual disorders in achieving their personal goals† (Mueser, Noordsy & Drake, 2003, p. 108). It is in light of the issues presented above that I have chosen individuals who have dual disorders – substance abuse and mental disorders – as the treatment population for designing a motivational interviewing group therapy. Many chronic drug abusers, or commonly referred to as addicts, often simultaneously suffer from serious mental disorders. Substance abuse treatment and medical professionals call this condition co-occurring disorder or having dual diagnosis. While doing internship at 26th in California, a court and jail facility, most of the clients have been mandated to attend treatment for substances abuse. While helping clients with substance abuse problems, the court system has no provisions for assistance of co-occurring mental disorders. According to the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV), most individuals who have substance abuse problems also have mental disorders as well. Neglecting these mental disorders is not only detrimental to the patient but will further feed the cycle of violence and crime. I believe that treatment of both the substance abuse and mental problems is the most effective way of decreasing crime rate which is the ultimate goal of our judicial system. The succeeding sections of the paper will discuss the treatment population and the group therapy design for motivational interviewing. As previously discussed, the target population for

Legal Aspect of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Legal Aspect of Nursing - Essay Example A clear assessment of the evidence of the case study indicates that this is a clear case of negligence which rightfully warrants for suspension. According to the investigations, the only evidence on the nurse is her failure to tally the records between the computerized cabinet and the handwritten documentation. Considering the nurse’s reputation for the twenty-five years she was working at the hospital, she at least was supposed to be given some consideration. The claims of the nurse diverting narcotics from the cabinet do not hold ground because there is no evidence that directly points to her doing the act. The only available evidence is the records which suggest the possibility of such malpractice but still remain unproven. Chances are high that the testimonies by the other nurses will affect the case in a positive way for the defendant. This will aid in proving to the court that the defendant is not diverting narcotics for selfish gain from the hospital and the errors in t he reports can only be a case of negligence. The testimonies from the other nurses are enough to turn the case around implicating the hospital as the defendant. The court will be able to see that cases of negligence in the healthcare unit are common, which means that there is a high chance of the health care being subject to mismanagement. Following the turn of events in the case, the institution has to address some questions to clarify to the court why certain behaviors take place and the reason for certain decisions.... be able to see that cases of negligence in the health care unit are common, which means that there is a high chance of the health care being subject to mismanagement. Following the turn of events in the case, the institution has to address some questions to clarify to the court why certain behaviors take place and the reason for certain decisions. The institution will have to address the court on why there were more nurses admitting to have commit cases of negligence such as filing the records with wrong information. It will also have to address the qualifications of the nurses in the hospital and why is seems that there is a lack of proper supervision at the hospital to curb the cases of malpractice by the nurses. The institution will need to produce further evidence on the nurse to prove their claims concerning the theft of the narcotics as the nurse seems to have a clean record for her 25 years at the institution. The nurse deserves leniency at best a pardon for her negligence cha rges. This is because of her clean record and reputation for her 25 years at the hospital. It is also because there was enough evidence from the testimonies to prove that it was a normal error following the hefty work of the institution. On the matter of committing a malpractice by diverting narcotics for personal gain the right judgment is to dismiss the case due to lack of enough evidence. The institution needs to at least have evidence of the nurse either abusing the narcotics herself or prove that she is trading them for personal gain. There is violation of various principles that involve protecting patient safety that arise in this case. One key principle is the proper administration of medications to patients; an error in medication endangers the safety of the patient (Austin, 2008).

HRA340 MODULE 5; Training Project, Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRA340 MODULE 5; Training Project, Part 3 - Essay Example The firm can also use social media to offer training since it will save the firm from travelling expenses if all the employees were to travel at the physical premises so as to receive training. (Bacon, 1999). Sales representatives who may be interested in using motorcycles may use interactive multimedia training so as to learn how to ride motorcycles followed by a proficiency test to see how the employee knows how to ride the motorcycle Technology-based learning enables the trainer to get more of the learner’s involvement compared to any other environment. Besides, the trainees have the advantage of learning at their own pace such as through interactive video, PC and phone-based programs, along with interactive multimedia. These technologies are cost effective to the firm to the firm in the long-run, but costly in the short-run since it quite expensive to install internet infrastructure and purchasing computers. Simulators are described by Noe (2013) as an imitation of real work experiences. The simulators may be used to train the new recruits on how to talk with new customers and convince them to buy in a simulated environment. In addition, the motorcycle-sales representatives could utilise simulators to practise responding to dangerous riding circumstances. However, simulators are very costly for a firm like Binz. Purchasing simulators may cost about $5000. Shifting right into work is regarded as one of the most effective ways of training. The trainees will read manuals to get gain knowledge on various tasks in the sales department. The trainer could also use the internet so that the trainees could post their questions regarding the specific duties that will be answered by the trainer. On-the-job training offers employee the motivation to commence a job. Studies have shown that individuals learn more effectively when they learn hands-on. In this case, the new sales representatives could work with the older employees who would teach them how to carry

Genetic Study of Olive Plants

Genetic Study of Olive Plants Introduction Oleaceae family comprises 24 genus which consists of 600 species and its members can be found all over the world. One of the first cultivated agricultural tree crops within Oleaceae family is the olive Olea europaea L which is usually used for production of table olives and edible oil. Olive is the native plant in coastal regions of Mediterranean and there are more than 86 varieties of Europea species found in Anatolia of Turkey. Turkey is known to be one of the largest producers of olive oil and the first producer of black table olive among all the countries in the world. Majority of the black table olive that produced by Turkey is the cultivar of Gemlik which represents 80% of the production. Therefore, many researches in Turkey are mainly focused on molecular and classical breeding program for Gemlik cultivar due to its economical importance. It is essential to have the genetic studies in olive plants in order to understand the genetic mechanisms and hence to improve the quality and quantity of products. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) which are obtained from the single-pass complementary DNA (cDNA) sequencing can provide genetic information of an organism. Since EST is generated with gene that expressed at certain stage or tissue of organism, the information on mature transcripts for coding region of genome can be shown by EST. Hence, EST databases are useful for functional studies, gene and marker discovery, and gene mapping. Currently, EST libraries for more than 40 plant species are established for providing information that is important for functional genomics studies in which the putative functions of genes can be deduced by searching for homologies with known genes. Before this study, there were just around one thousand EST sequences which were available in GenBank database on February 2009. The EST studies for olives are obviously insufficient and lacking of sequence information may limit the genetic studies in olive plants. In this paper, two separate cDNA libraries which were constructed from young leaves and olive fruits for olive cultivar Gemlik were used to establish a rich EST collection. Clones which were obtained from the cDNA libraries were sequenced to generate ESTs. These sequences were assembled and clustered by using specific software and they were then deposited in GenBank database. Annotation of the generated EST sequences was performed using BLAST and BLAST2GO. Method of preparing Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) database The research material used in this study was the olive (O. europea) cultivar Gemlik (G 20/1). The methodology that involved in preparing EST database for Olea europaea was described by Ozgenturk et al. (2010). Before constructing cDNA library, total RNA was isolated from young leaves and unripe olive fruits by using the RNA extraction kit. In this paper, RNeasy Plant Miniprep kit was used for total RNA extraction. Total RNA was treated with the Oligotex mRNA Mini Kit to obtain purified mRNA. The isolated mRNAs were collected and utilized for constructing two separate cDNA libraries. Since RNA molecules are very unstable and difficult to amplify, it is important to convert mRNAs into cDNAs which are more stable in order to analyse the information carried by mRNA molecules (Mullinax Sorge, 2003; Tovey, 2011). The cDNA libraries can be constructed with the isolated mRNAs by using a cDNA library construction kit and the CloneMiner cDNA Library Construction Kit was used in this paper. Briefly, a double-stranded cDNA (ds cDNA) was first synthesised from mRNA by using primers provided in the kit. For the first strand synthesis, biotin-attB2-Oligo(dT) primer bound to the poly(A) tail of mRNA and the mRNA was used as the template for reverse transcription by SuperScriptTM ΙΙ Reverse Transcriptase. The newly synthesised single-stranded cDNA (ss cDNA) served as the template for second strand synthesis by Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase ÃŽâ„¢. attB1 sequence was then incorporated to the 5’ end of ds cDNA by attB1 Adapter. The synthesized ds cDNA was ligated into pDONR222 vector and transformed into competent E. coli strain DH5. The two cDNA libraries were plated onto LB-kanamycin agar plates. Individual colonies formed on the plates were picked into 384-well plates which containing SOB medium and incubated overnight. The cDNA libraries were then stored at -80 °C after adding with glycerol (10% v/v). Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones were randomly selected for isolating plasmid DNA with alkaline lysis method. The isolated DNA was digested and insert size was identified by performing 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. In this paper, 3840 clones were randomly selected and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using M13 universal primers. The ABI 3730 capillary sequencer was used for automated sequencing of cDNA in order to generate ESTs. Results Two separate cDNA libraries were established with mRNA extracted from young leaves and fruits respectively. The average insert sizes for the leaf and fruit cDNA libraries were respectively 1.6 kb and 1.1 kb. The leaf cDNA library consisted of 2.4 Ãâ€" 106 clones and 2304 clones were selected for sequencing. Among 2.2 Ãâ€" 105 clones within olive fruit cDNA library, 1536 clones were sequenced. Therefore, altogether 3840 EST sequences were generated from cloned cDNA sequencing. In order to obtain high quality EST sequences, raw EST sequences were processed by using Phred software in which low-quality bases, vector, and adapter were removed. After processing, 106 low quality EST sequences were removed and the remaining 3734 ESTs were kept for contig assembly. Contig Assembly Program 3 (CAP3) was used to assemble leaf and fruit EST sequences into contigs. 205 contigs were generated from the assembling of 2228 leaf ESTs and 69 contigs were generated from 1506 fruit EST sequences assembly. The total numbers of contig and singleton that were established from these two libraries were 274 and 2478 respectively. Altogether 3734 ESTs and 249 high quality contigs were deposited in GenBank under the accession number GO242703 to GO246436 and EZ421546 to EZ421794 respectively. In order to designate annotation of the generated EST sequences, BLAST was performed on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) web server for searching gene homology. Six hundred thirty five EST’s unique gene sequences were found to have more than 80% homology with sequences of known function in the other species. Two thousand twenty four EST sequences have less than 80% homology to the expressed proteins, hypothetical proteins, putative uncharacterized proteins and unknown proteins in database. There are 1339 EST sequences that shown no homology with the sequences that exist in GenBank and about 96.9% of EST sequences that established in this study are different from that in the existing olive sequences database in NCBI. Therefore, these EST sequences can be considered as novel genes in O. europea. Besides BLAST analysis, gene ontology (GO) annotation was performed for the contig sequences generated from the ESTs by using Blast2GO. GO terms were distributed among the biological process, molecular function and cellular component categories.

Human Genetic Screening Essay -- Science Genes DNA Essays

Human Genetic Screening Human genetic screening is a process that is very complex and very powerful. Genetic screening may detect some inherited traits that may later on cause a person to have a disease that may alter his/her life. Human life, as with any other organism, is b uilt with cells. A human cell consists of forty-six chromosomes, which are paired into twenty-three different pairs. Each one of these chromosomes carries thousands of genes. Each gene consists of information that codes for a particular trait. This information is determined by the DNA found in that gene. A gene for one trait may have various alleles that will make one person appear a little different than that of a person with a different allele. An example would be of a person with brown hair. They would have a dominant allele for hair color, where as a person with blond hair would have two recessive alleles for hair color. It is possible to have a large number of different alleles for each trait, which is why people look so different from on e another (Reilly, Genetics, Law and Social Policy. p. 7). ÒAlthough each person does have some variation in DNA, all members of the human species carry more or less the same set of DNAÓ (Griffiths, An Introduction to Genetic Analysis. p. 4). Because there is such a huge number of genes it is a very complicat ed process to isolate and identify the information in the DNA fragments. In these fragments it is possible for researchers to: Ò isolate and characterize at the molecular level single genes that are responsible for inherited genetic diseases. Genetic ill health can be divided into three major types. The first type is inherited genetic diseases caused by abnormal forms of genes that are passed on from on... .... Complexity Limits the powers of prediction. Feb. 1, 1996: p. 390. Griffiths, Anthony, Jeffrey miller, David Suzuki, Richard Lewontin, William Gelbart, An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Sixth Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 1996: p. 4,5-6. Koenig, Barbara, The New York Times. Gene Tests: What You Know Can Hurt You. April 6,1996: p. 15 Lehrman, Sally, Nature. Genetic testing needs more checks. Nov. 9, 1995: p. 121. Masood, Ehsan, Nature. Gene tests: who benefits from risk? . Feb. 1, 1996: P. 389. Reilly, Phillip, Genetics, Law, and Social Policy. President and fellows of Harvard College. 1977: p. 7. The World Book Encyclopedia, 1993 Edition, 1993 World Book Inc. 1993: p. 85. Web Site #1 Written by: The Exploratorium , 3601 Lyon St., San Francisco, CA 94123 Web Site #2 Written by: The Exploratorium, 3601 Lyon St., San Francisco, CA 94123